Senescence leads to declines in fruit quality and shortening of shelf life. It is known that low temperatures (LTs) efficiently delay fruit senescence and that high temperatures (HTs) accelerate senescence. However, the molecular mechanism by which temperature affects senescence is unclear. Herein, through multiomics analyses of fruits subjected to postharvest HT, LT, and room temperature treatments, a total of 56 metabolic compounds and 700 mRNAs were identified to be associated with fruit senescence under HT or LT conditions. These compounds could be divided into antisenescent (I→III) and prosenescent (IV→VI) types. HT affected the expression of 202 mRNAs to enhance the biosynthesis of prosenescent compounds of types V and VI and to inhibit the accumulation of antisenescent compounds of types II and III. LT affected the expression of 530 mRNAs to promote the accumulation of antisenescent compounds of types I and II and to impede the biosynthesis of prosenescent compounds of types IV and V. Moreover, 16 microRNAs were isolated in response to HT or LT conditions and interacted with the mRNAs associated with fruit senescence under HT or LT conditions. Transient transformation of pear fruit showed that one of these microRNAs, Novel_188, can mediate fruit senescence by interacting with its target Pbr027651.1. Thus, both HT and LT conditions can affect fruit senescence by affecting microRNA–mRNA interactions, but the molecular networks are different in pear fruit.

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