1National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China 2Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China 3Planttech technologies Co. Ltd., Beijing, China 4Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China 5Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China 6Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China; College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China 7State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China 8These authors contributed equally: Y.X., H.L., and T.S. *Corresponding author. E-mail: xiongaisheng@njau.edu.cn,zhaojianhua0943@163.com
Received: 08 Mar 2024 Accepted: 11 Oct 2024 Published online: 23 Oct 2024
Abstract
Black wolfberry (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.) is an important plant for ecological preservation. In addition, its fruits are rich in anthocyanins and have important edible and medicinal value. However, a high-quality chromosome-level genome for this species is not yet available, and the regulatory mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins are unclear. In this study, haploid material was used to assemble a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of Lycium ruthenicum, resulting in a genome size of 2272 Mb with contig N50 of 92.64 Mb, and 38 993 annotated gene models. In addition, the evolution of this genome and large-scale variations compared with the Ningxia wolfberry Lycium barbarum were determined. Importantly, homology annotation identified 86 genes involved in the regulatory pathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis, five of which [LrCHS1 (evm.TU.Chr05.295), LrCHS2 (evm.TU.Chr09.488), LrAOMT (evm.TU.Chr09.809), LrF3’5’H (evm.TU.Chr06.177), and LrAN2.1 (evm.TU.Chr05.2618)] were screened by differential expression analysis and correlation analysis using a combination of transcriptome and metabolome testing. Overexpression of these genes could significantly up- or downregulate anthocyanin-related metabolites. These results will help accelerate the functional genomic research of L. ruthenicum, and the elucidation of the genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis will be beneficial for breeding new varieties and further exploring its ecological conservation potential.